Witchcraft During the Renaissance

Accompanying and following the Renaissance â€Å"rebirth† during the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries and supplementing the Protestant and Catholic Reformations, the persecution of individuals as witches in Europe reached its zenith during the sixteenth century. Countless people, women and men alike, were accused of witchcraft, although this scale was tipped significantly toward poor, old women whose husbands’ had low wage work. The notion of witchcraft appealed to and was possible at the time to the general public because such occurrences as â€Å"mysterious disappearances† or â€Å"Satanic luck† necessitated explanations.These events were thus attributed to â€Å"servants of the Devil,† or witches, who were supposedly possessed to bend to Satan’s will as stated my Luther. Luther’s bias was towards the bible because he was a religious leader; therefor he believed what it said, which was that witches existed. Many accused witches were tortured until they either admitted, like Walpurga Hausmannin, or were killed from torture. Hausmannin’s bias was towards women because she was one, and she was very skeptical towards all the women being killed.No one was safe, as even mayors councilors and associate judges were persecuted. The witch-hunting excitement of the period resulted from religious, individual, societal, and sociological fears and interests prevalent during the time frame. First, highly influential religious individuals like Luther, Calvin, and the pope form a group of people who played a major role in promoting the belief of witchcraft among the people. Pope Innocent VIII, for example, willingly accepted the concept of witchcraft and even fully supported the persecution of witches.His bias was also towards the Bible. As a religious leader, the Pope wholeheartedly believed that individuals â€Å"give themselves over to devils† and, as a servant of God, was obliged to purge the world of th em. The notable Protestant leaders Martin Luther and John Calvin shared this identical perspective. Luther stresses that the â€Å"Devil’s whores† exist to cause chaos and disruption in God’s world. As he strictly upheld the status quo, Luther would have used the convenient explanation that the poor laborers were more likened to turn to witchcraft.Calvin, on the other hand, compares the problem of witchcraft to that of waging â€Å"war against an infinite number of enemies†. Calvin, as an advocate of an organization adjoining religion and state, naturally views the campaign against witches as war. Clergy, influenced by these religious leaders, recorded any slightly suspicious activity as supernatural and Satanic. Since the majority of Europe was Catholic or some form of Protestant during the time, the people looked up to their respective leaders for â€Å"truth. As popes, Luther, and Calvin professed the existence of witchcraft, the people did as well. H owever, other individuals persecuted witches for purely individual or societal interests. The witch-hunting movement was promoted and effectively advertised by those who would gain from the persecution, namely the â€Å"notaries, copyists, and innkeepers†¦executioner†. According to the account, anyone could be put to trial or torture with the slightest provocation. As a result, the individuals who gained some form of wealth from the persecution supported it.Judges gained support from the people for charging individuals with witchcraft. The demographic aspects of accused witches show that women were much more likely to be persecuted as a consequence of gender biases toward the â€Å"impurity† and â€Å"imperfection† of the feminine sex in the group. The authors of are Dominican monks attempting to clarify the reasons for which women are witches. Although John Wier is skeptical towards the idea of witchcraft, his views sustain the fact that old women’s physical state led to their increased chance of persecution.The most important reason why numerous individuals were branded and persecuted as witches during the late fifteenth through seventeenth centuries was probably as a convenient sociological reason for unexplained occurrences. Any unusual event would cause mass hysteria (Doc B5), and as the people could not directly punish the devils for it, they would be satisfied to reprimand the devils’ servants, the witches, since there could be no other reasonable rationalization.The composition of poems regarding witchcraft shows that it played a prominent role in the life of an ordinary person. It also subtly encourages readers not to fall under possession by resisting Satan’s attempts to control them. John Weir also indicates that the public, including some scientists, passionately favors witch persecution. In late seventeenth-century America, several girls’ witch accusations in Salem, Massachusetts caused two yea rs of witch fear illustrating the common fear of spiritual evils.

Supporting children and young people’s positive behaviour

Supporting Children and Young People's positive behaviour. 1. 2. Describe with examples the importance of all staff consistently and fairly applying boundaries and rules for children and young people's behaviour in accordance with the policies and procedures of the setting. Boundaries: These are the limits within which behaviour is acceptable or what may, and may not be done. Boundaries are there to guide children and young people's behaviour in the setting and it is very important for all staffs to consistently apply these boundaries fairly.Behaviour is learnt from what we see others do or say, so, it s very important for the staff to watch children closely and make sure that they apply the boundaries at all times. The importance of staffs applying the rules and boundaries are: It helps children and people to know what is right from wrong. For example, when a child knows what is right from wrong, or what is acceptable and what is not, then they will be able to do the right thing mos t of the time.If they know jumping is not allowed in the setting then they are going to behave accordingly. If all staff applies the boundaries and rules of their settings, then children will not feel hey are being misled. For example, one staff says they can bring snacks to school and another staff says they are not allowed to bring snacks. If this happens, a child will get confused and feel misled by one of the staff. It enables all the staff to be consistent in their approach in dealing with behaviour issues.For example, if there is no consistency in staff applying the boundaries and rules then there will be chaos in the setting, and this will not help positive behaviour in children. But if there is consistency then every child in the setting will know that no matter whom they go to n the setting, they will always get one answer. The importance of all staff being fair, and consistent are: It helps children to develop a sense of responsibility for their own actions and encourages them to think about the consequences of their behaviour.For example, the rule says no running in the corridor and staff keep reminding children about it all the time then, when a child runs in the corridor the others will tell him or her no running, and he or she will know that if they run, they will fall and when they fall, they will hurt themselves. So, they know what will happen when they disobey. It ensures that the school rules are enforced and children behave in a responsible manner.For instance, when staffs are consistent in applying the rules then there will be order in the settings and the promotion of good behaviour. Children will also know what the rules and boundaries are and therefore behave accordingly. It ensures that all children are treated fairly by staff applying the equal opportunity procedures. For example, when two children behave inappropriately, they both must receive the same sanction, one should not be favoured over the other. When two hildren fght, you hav e to listen to both sides and be fair in your Judgement.Some children behave inappropriately all the time but they must not be victimized in situations but rather listened to and treated tairly as other children It helps children with unwanted behaviour to improve and behave positively. For instance, if a child likes to pinch other children and all the staffs apply the rules consistently, that child is bound to change from that unwanted behaviour to positive behaviour. How to set fair rules and boundaries: Setting realistic rules for the setting; For example, ensuring the set rules are ppropriate for age and stage of development.For instance, setting a rule for one to two years that says, â€Å"No crying for toys or You must share,† that is not realistic based on their age and level of understanding. By involving the children in setting the rules and boundaries. If the children are involved in the rule setting then they will apply it because they will always remember and obey it. If everybody agrees on the set rules and boundaries. This means they understand what they are agreeing to so therefore, they can live by it and when others are behaving inappropriately, they will let them know it is unacceptable behaviour.

Coca Cola Human Resources Suggestions Essay - 1612 Words

Coca-Cola Human Resources Suggestions Zhen Wang California Lutheran University MBA 500 Professor Mary Ann Mace Introduction Coca-Cola company was founded in 1886 and has supplied beverage to consumers for 130 years. Its global headquarter is located in Atlanta, Georgia. Now, it is the largest beverage company around the world and ranked the world’s third most valuable brand which valued at 73.1 billion dollars (â€Å"Best Global Brands 2016 Ranking,† 2016). Coca-Cola has 20 brands of their products such as Diet Coke, Coca-Cola Zero, Fanta, Sprite, Minute Maid, 18 of which are available at present. Customers have 3800 choices among beverage brands from Coca-Cola. All of these products are sold in over 200 countries, and the daily servings are more than 1.9 billion which demonstrates that Coca-Cola is the No.1 beverage supplier in the world (â€Å"Coca-Cola At A Glance: KO101 Video and Infographic,† 2016). Also, Coca-Cola has more than 700,000 system associates among branches, and ranked in top 10 private employers (â€Å"Coca-Cola At A Glance: KO10 1 Video and Infographic,† 2016). As an international leading beverage company which is one of the top 10 employers in the world, it would be complex for Coca-Cola to manage the human resources. Hence, our firm has some suggestions to help Coca-Cola improve the human resources management and solve the problems they may be faced with, such as coordinating intercultural differences, enhancing employees’ performance, and improvingShow MoreRelatedThe Success Of The Coca Cola Company1106 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Coca-Cola Company thus far and to discuss recommendations in which the company could use. These recommendation will help the company to become more environmentally friendly, more of an ethical company and therefore to create a better image for the company. I will be discussing recommendations in reference to the United Nations Global Compact principles, specifically, principles one and eight: 1. â€Å"Business should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights;Read MoreCoca Cola Company : The World s Largest Distribution System1498 Words   |  6 Pages Coca Cola Company is the largest beverage company in the world. In order to service global demand, Coca Cola Company has the world’s largest distribution system. Its brand is worth one of the most valuable in the world as well. It has very strong market orientation, to make strategic decisions and take action so that more customers will be attracted, also to satisfy and retain customers. However, after World War 2, Pepsi Company became its serious competitor when it came up with the idea to sellRead MoreInternal And External Triggers, Resistance For Organisational Change1373 Words   |  6 PagesInternal triggers To begin with internal triggers, it is happened in marketing, human resource, financial and operations. Take an example from Coca-cola to introduce human resources triggers, â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company today announced a new operating structure and the senior leaders for those businesses.† (Coca-cola company, 2013.) The change of senior manager or top management team are usually a factor in human resource. In this case, the different manager may have a different leadership style or bringRead MoreCross Cultural Practices And Internationalization1586 Words   |  7 Pages CROSS-CULTURAL PRACTICES AND INTERNATIONALIZATION The Case of Coca Cola Amatil â€Æ' Table of Contents Introduction 2 Overview of the Company 3 Results of the Survey 4 â€Å"14 Principles† at the Company 4 Internationalization and Sustainability 7 Cross-Cultural Awareness Policies of the Company 9 Impact of Policies on Management Processes 11 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Company 12 Discussion and Analysis of the Company 13 Roles and Responsibilities of Top, Middle and First-Line Managers 13 Process andRead MoreCreating A Cross Cultural Competence1514 Words   |  7 Pagesselected for application of theory is Coca Cola Amatil. As of December, 2014, there had been employment of 14,700 employees by Coca Cola Amatil across six countries of the Asia- Pacific area. The organization has been identified as the bottler for products of Coca Cola across Samoa, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, New Zealand and Australia. The company has been listed across the Securities Exchange of Australia, having a shareholding of 29 per cent in Coca Cola Amatil, as it is done with each andRead MoreCoca-Cola Company Human Resource Management System Analyze3231 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction of Coca-Cola Coco-cola Company is the largest soft drink company in the world. Coca-Cola owns the whole world 48% marketplace occupation ratio. It has employment of more than 2 million workers. History The first Coca-Cola recipe was invented in Columbus, Georgia at a drugstore by John Smith Pemberton in 1885. In 1892, Candler incorporated a second company, the Coca-Cola Company (the current corporation). In 1928, Coca-Cola set the first branch in Shanghai, China. Coca-Cola in China TheRead MoreCoca Cola in India3339 Words   |  14 PagesCultural Impact on Business: A Case Study on Coca Cola’s Cultural Issues in India admin August 20, 2012 Blog No comments Socio Cultural barriers faced by coca cola in India Coca – cola, the world’s largest selling soft drink company had established its strong presence in the world since 1886. Coca-Cola is the first international soft drink brand to enter the Indian market in the early 1970’s. Till 1977 Coca-Cola was the leading brand in India; later, due to FERA (Foreign Exchange RegulationRead MoreCoca-Cola Performance Appraisal2480 Words   |  10 Pagesassignment, is to study Coca-Cola to evaluate the Coca-Cola with the Performance Management and Appraisal. First, this assignment write about the definition of the Performance Management and Appraisal, after that will explain methods of evaluation will not only cover traditional mended but also modern method, it will ensure this assignment will get a picture what the current environmental of the Coca-Cola Second, will introduction background of the organization which is Coca-Cola. Then will be describeRead MoreCoca-Cola Performance Appraisal2507 Words   |  11 Pagesassignment, is to study Coca-Cola to evaluate the Coca-Cola with the Performance Management and Appraisal. First, this assignment write about the definition of the Performance Management and Appraisal, after that will explain methods of evaluation will not only cover traditional mended but also modern method, it will ensure this assignment will get a picture what the current environmental of the Coca-Cola Second, will introduction background of the organization which is Coca-Cola. Then will be describeRead More Coca Colas Human Resources Essay3827 Words   |  16 Pagesbusiness manages human resources. I should show the importance of the human resources management to the business, providing a comprehensive overview of all four of the following functions and focussing in depth on one of the functions: * Human resources planning * Recruitment and selection * Training and development * Performance management I am going to relate my human resource coursework to UK Coca Cola London-Edmonton branch and explain in depth how human resource is managed there

The Physics Of Chemical Kinetics - 1921 Words

Investigations into the mechanics of chemical kinetics can reveal invaluable information relating to the rates of reaction. There are numerable applications of reaction rates, knowledge in this area is pivotal for industrial, commercial and research sectors. Thus, allowing them the ability to manipulate a variety of factors of chemical reactions with the use of reaction rates. In the scope of the kinetics of clock reactions, there is a range of information that can be obtained about reaction rates (Shakhashiri, 1992). A clock reaction is characterised by an abrupt colour change following an established time lag (Lente et al, 2007). The induction period in a clock reaction is a result of low concentrations of the clock chemical (i.e. the chemical that enables the final reaction). The induction period ends after the total consumption of a limiting reagent, which initiates a short increase in the rate of product formation, resulting in a visible colour change (Schmitz, 2010)(Lente et al, 2007). The reaction rate of clock reactions is subject to factors including temperature, concentration, catalysis and inhibition. These factors can be manipulated, thus changing the length of the induction period in a ‘clock-like’ manner (Shakhashiri, 1992). Changes in the rate of reaction can be described in terms of chemical equilibrium. â€Å"Chemical equilibrium is a state in which the forward and reverse reactions take place at the same rate† (Wilbraham et al, 2002). The relativeShow MoreRelatedPhysical Science: Heat1126 Words   |  4 Pagesare different. A discussion concerning the various properties of a substance that determine its heat capacity is followed by a description of some of the various sources of heat. Finally, an analysis concerning how the study of heat relates to the kinetic theory of matter is followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion. Review and Analysis What is heat? Interestingly, heat is not static energy but rather by definition is moving from a hotter object to a coolerRead MoreThe Theory Of Heat : The Natural Sciences Span Over A Wide Range Of Phenomena1126 Words   |  5 Pagessciences. Scientists have been allowed to research these phenomena due to underlying connections between subtopics. In physics one can view many underlying connections between different subtopics. For example; in thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy such as mechanical, electrical or chemical energy. More importantly, heat itself and its relation to energy and work done on a system. Many people have misconceptionsRead MoreNewtons Laws of Motion858 Words   |  3 PagesAnother concept of Physics is moving water. For example, flushing the toilet, waterfalls and dams. Flushing a toilet is a great example of transferring energy. Usually on most toilets there is tan on the back of it filled with water. Water that is stored is a great example of potential energy and no kinetic energy. Once toilet is flushed, it gives the water momentum. From waterfalls and dams we can produce hydropower. It is a renewable energy source that converts kinetic energy fromRead MoreHow The Shape Of Ice Affect How Fast It Melts?1254 Words   |  6 Pagesenergy, it is then in liquid phase of H2O, called water, which can then be broken down in the smallest unit; atoms. Professor John Blamire of brooklyn.cuny.edu describes a single water molecule, the smallest part of a chemical element or compound that still shares the same chemical properties as defined by whatitis.com, as two slightly positive hydrogen atoms and one slightly negative atom together forming a hydrogen bond. In a water molecule, hydrogen atoms have a single electron and oxygenRead MoreCh 1 Each different scientist made an impact in some way to the origins of an atom. Lucretius’s1700 Words   |  7 Pageswith the idea of the kinetic theory of gases in his work, Hydrodynamics. Newton gave the image to a lot of scientists after him of what an atom may look like. Boscovich had a different perspective on what an atom could look like. He set more examples which made it more visual. Ch 2 John Dalton was persuaded to start a journal on weather observations by his friend, John Gough. He observed the different chemicals in the atmospheres. This helped him explain why certain chemicals reacted a way and heRead MoreNotes On Order Disorder And Energy845 Words   |  4 Pagesreactivity to explode or cause a chemical reaction. More so, the position of an object, can assist us in building objects of great mass to see if the potential energy is strong enough to break any of the supports. Subsequently, if someone wanted to jump from a certain height, the force of gravity, and the height the person is jumping from can affect his legs because the impact could cause damage. Additionally, Potential Energy is used in many calculations in physics force, energy analysis, and mechanicsRead MoreEnergy And Energy Of Energy1140 Words   |  5 Pagesenergy, or stored energy; and Kinetic energy, or energy is a form of potential energy and it is possessed by things such as food, fuels, and batteries. Energy is the ability to cause changes in matter. It can exist in many different forms. Energy can change from one form to another. There are six forms of energy: mechanical, chemical, electrical, light, thermal, and sound energy. Another form of energy is nuclear energy. Mechanical energy is the energy of movement. Chemical energy is energy that is storedRead MoreTaking a Closer Look at Phisics948 Words   |  4 Pages Physics. Not something you really hear every day. It’s not something you really want to hear either, right? Why is it that when we hear the word physics, it’s just a major turnoff. People may even hear the word and just think â€Å"get me out of here†, even though they may not have the slightest clue of what it’s about. Some people do have a slight clue and think molecules or gravity, atoms or Bohr, laws or life, and still may not quite grasp it, but at least have a slight clue. Others, think wastedRead MorePhysics of Microwaves Essay981 Words   |  4 Pages Physics of Microwaves Microwaves are used in our everyday lives but most most people dont realize that physics plays a large and important part in the simple household item. Whenever we heat our food we are oblivious to the forces that cause such a thing to occur and we dont fully understand what happens in front of our eyes and how our food really gets heated in such a simple and efficient way. The first thing people need to understand is that microwaves are actually electromagnetic wavesRead MoreEssay on Physics in Everyday Life1684 Words   |  7 PagesPhysics in Everyday Life 1 Just about everything you do from moving to eating to listening to music involves physics. Now that I have really explored them I think it is hard to go about our day and not do something that involves physics. Some of the things I will talk about are getting out of bed, the eye and how eye glasses help a person see better, speakers, the Frisbee, sailing, and the pulleys I use to get my jeep unstuck in the mud when I ride in the woods. All of these

French Revolution Book Analysis - 1874 Words

The King’s Flight: A Revolutionary Run When analyzing the French Revolution, the idea of political transformation and citizen involvement play a huge role in actually understanding how the revolution altered from enlightened conversations in salons to its completion, resulting from the French â€Å"voice† uniting to halt The Terror that Paris had become. Reflecting back on this event, historians still debate on the specific moment this aristocratic revolution of 1789 turned into the blood-bath radical revolution due to the momentum and contingency that each event has on the overall Revolution. The two authors, Jeremy Popkin, and Timothy Tackett, explain their historical opinion on this period of French history, in which both share a similar†¦show more content†¦The published letter of the king’s reasoning for departure also served the public with rage, and, â€Å"equally significant for the future of the Revolution was the dramatic change in attitude to ward the king†¦everything was transformed by the king’s flight.† (Tackett, 101) People in the streets of Paris were throwing out their portraits of the royal family and were seeing the king, the one they praised a week ago, as a deserter and conspirator to their newly-formed and praised government. The use of rumor and newspapers by members of The Cordelier Club also helped spread certain radical ideals in which prompted the idea of turning France into a republic, and of dissembling the monarchy and the king altogether. It was this power in the streets of Paris that would soon grow with every day after the king fled, as, â€Å"Outside the Legislative Assembly, however, the more radical revolutionaries had managed to hold the loyalty of most of the provincial club network, giving them a powerful propaganda tool.† (Popkin, 58) The National Assembly was still strong in its number of members favorable of this new constitutional monarchy, but it was in the stree ts and with the people that the actual aspect of the Revolution was shifting. Members of the National Assembly were getting restlessShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution890 Words   |  4 Pagesfor her book to act as an â€Å"introduction to the French Revolution† by acquainting â€Å"the reader with the most important events, the prominent people, and the essential terms (xvi).† In her introduction, Neely discusses how the Revolution is still a hot-topic discussion amongst French-people and even how at the Bicentennial, there was still no definitive answers as to the â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† of the Revolution. Neely’s text is a great supportive source for a typical undergraduate French Revolution survey courseRead MoreSocial Revolutions in the Modern World by Theda Skocpol1092 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Revolutions in the Modern World, was widely published in 1994 and presents an extension of her structurally-based, comparative analysis of var ious social revolutions. In addition to this book, she has also published numerous other works including States and Social Revolutions and the acclaimed, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States, applying her social theories to the genesis of the American welfare state. Social Revolutions in theRead MoreThe Revolutionary War : Wim Klooster s Book Revolutions1114 Words   |  5 Pages Wim Klooster’s book Revolutions in the Atlantic World expresses the deep roots of the revolutionary war period throughout various locations and circumstances. He strives to express the causes, effects, and the political civil war which caused the great uproar in the once colonial lands. This shift in history is noted in Klooster’s book and expanded upon in his chapter entitled â€Å"The Revolution’s Compared.† He notes the various commonalities between the American, French, Haitian, and Spanish AmericanRead MoreSocial Revolutions in the Modern World1100 Words   |  5 PagesA Review of: Social Revolutions in the Modern World, by Theda Skocpol Theda Skocpol grew up in Detroit, Michigan, received her B.A. from Michigan State University and went on to earn a PhD from Harvard in sociology, where she is the Victor S. Thomas Professor of Sociology and Government. She is widely regarded in academic circles for her unique approaches to understanding political and social science issues. In 2007, Skocpol was awarded the John Skytte Prize in political science, one of the world’sRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of Europe945 Words   |  4 PagesAny analysis of European history will reveal a constant theme of revolutions and counterrevolutions across space and time that have shaped the very foundations of societies across the expanse of the continent. Furthermore, these revolutions occurred in many different spheres of daily life. For instance, some revolutions featured prolonged periods of violent political upheaval while others featured a more subtle revolution, changing the very social fabric of Europe. In addition, some revolutions centeredRead MoreThe Influence of Voltaires Philosophical Works on the French Revolution1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe Influence of Voltaire’s Philosophical Works on the French Revolution The philosophical works of Voltaire, such as Candide, influenced the beginning of the French Revolution, promoting new ideas and concepts. Voltaire used both wit and sarcasm to prove his points against injustice and cruelty. Voltaire was exiled to England for many years, and while there, he became influenced by the English government systems, associated himself with Sir Isaac Newton, John Locke, and Sir Francis Bacon. VoltaireRead MoreThe Black Jacobins : A Response For Scott s Conscripts Of Modernity880 Words   |  4 Pagesperspective of D. Scott’s Conscripts of Modernity (2004). To that effect, I shall proceed as follows: (i) I will deliver a succint account of the historical role played by the Jacobins vis-à  -vis the interlocution between the Haitian and the French revolutions. (ii) I will compare and contrast James’s discourse and Scott’s meta-discourse on these historical events. I shall do so by drawing upon the metaphor as the main figurative idiom through which black sovereignty is accounted for. (iii) IRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis The French Revolution was such an important time history. Not only was it a massacre with many lives being lost, including that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things toRead More The Tiger and The Lamb Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pageslife and to strengthen his imagination. You could find a lot of biblical discourse in his poems. By the time he was an adult his imagination allowed him to create vivid poetry and paintings; finally sending him mad. Blake published two very famous books of poems called Songs of Experience and Songs of Innocence. Poems from the Songs of Experience are about God, who brought evil and suffering into the world. The poems from the Songs of Innocence are about the redemptive God of the New TestamentRead MoreThe French Revolution By Andre Castelot1069 Words   |  5 Pagesis of value because it was written by a prominent French writer and Historian, Andrà © Castelot. Castelot has written numerous biographies of famous monarchs, many of them being monarchs. The fact that the History Award was created in his honor to reward popular books or historical novels suggests his prominent writing and importance. This source is also valuable because its purpose is to analyze Marie Antoinette’s contribution to the French Revolution. It looks at her social life—including her expenses—and

Grave matters. Essay Example For Students

Grave matters. Essay A poor scholar and the daughter of a wealthy man fall in love. But she is betrothed against her will to another, and the scholar dies in anguish. Then, on her wedding day, he returns in the form of a dybbuk- a discontented spirit of the dead that resides in the body of a living human being to possess her. Secrets of the past are revealed: The fathers of the ill-fated lovers were friends, and had promised their children to one another in marriage a promise tragically forgotten. The scholars aggrieved father, long dead, brings the wealthy man to trial from beyond the grave. An attempt is made to exorcise the dybbuk, but the bride merges her soul to his in a living death and, like an otherworldly Juliet, joins her predestined bridegroom. This is but one of many possible readings of S. Anskys The Dybbuk, a play that has sustained a ubiquitous appeal since it was first produced, in its original Yiddish, in 1914. From its most famous production, the plays Hebrew-language debut at Moscows Habimah Theatre in 1922 (with Stanislavsky, Meyerhold, Gorky and Chagall in the audience) through a variety of modern renderings (including Andrzej Wajdas staging of a Polish translation at Pepsicos Summerfare Festival in 1989, and a two-actor version, translated and adapted by British actor Bruce Myers, which toured widely throughout the U.S.), The Dybbuk has offered audiences a distinctive blend of romance, mysticism and morality. A new version of the play (cast more traditionally, with 23 actors playing 50 roles) runs through Feb. 6 at the Pittsburgh Public Theater, adapted and directed by the Publics artistic director, Edward Gilbert, as the centerpiece of his debut season. Gilberts association with the play goes back 20 years, when, as artistic director of the Manitoba Theatre Center in Canada, he commissioned an adaptation from the theatres founder, John Hirsch. Hirscha Hungarian-born Jew and Holocaust survivor for whom the plays original title, Between Two Worlds, might have had special resonance directed his own translation at Manitoba in 1974 and again the following year at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles. A pledge not carried out Although Gilbert incorporates ideas from Hirschs adaptation in his own, his version hews more closely to Anskys original Yiddish text. The focus is on the fathers trial rather than the brides exorcism; what results is a surprisingly modern reading of the play, at least for one accustomed to productions that emphasize its dark undercurrent of spirituality and folklore. Anskys original carefully threads a development of plot and structures a legal argument with great precision, Gilbert explains. These were elements of the play that I think had taken a secondary place in Johns version, and I wanted to return to an enquiry that focused more closely on those aspects. The second half of the play becomes an enquiry into the nature of human responsibility when Sender, the fatherplayed in Pittsburgh by veteran actor Jack Davidson is brought to a trial on the basis of a pledge he had made and then not carried out. Although in a legal sense Sender had no obligation, he may still have had a moral or ethical obligation; the fact that you do not have a legal obligation does not let you off the hook. Your responsibility to other human beings goes beyond what the law sets down. What country is this? Designing both the sets and costumes for The Dybbuk is British designer Mark Negin, who designed the costumes for Hirschs Manitoba production 20 years ago. (In a bit of casting sure to provoke sentimental approbation, the Pittsburgh production also features George Sperdakos as the Messenger, the same part he played in Hirschs Los Angeles staging.) With Negin, Gilbert has sought to evoke the atmosphere of the most famous Jewish play ever written without overburdening the telling of the story with its historical background. .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 , .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 .postImageUrl , .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 , .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329:hover , .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329:visited , .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329:active { border:0!important; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329:active , .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329 .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e4e7939ed26a85bbac698f8bb992329:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The play An Inspector calls Argumentative EssayThe Dybbuk is a play like any other play, Gilbert insists. Not to de-emphasize its particulars, but there have been cases of possession in other cultures at other times. This has been a dramatically charged event in the life of a number of communities when they face a disturbance that they dont quite know how to deal with, a disturbance of the human psyche and the human spirit. Were even now discussing how much you have to put in the program, he goes on. The play takes you back to a very particular time and place that you cant even find on the map anymore. But I dont think you have to be able to find it or know where it is. Its like Shakespeare in Twelfth Night: What country, friend, is this? and the answer is This is Illyria, lady. You dont have to know where Illyria is; its a place of the imagination.

King Lear by William Shakespeare and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essay Example

King Lear by William Shakespeare and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Paper Tragedy is based on human flaws and the struggles which build up among passionate beings. What characterizes mankind is not solely the virtue of each, but the complexity of psychologies, the failure to stand with reason. Tragedy, in fact, is able to capture the essence of the being in his inconstant nature, by putting forth the many obstacles in accomplishing virtue. It takes the dilemma of a common individual to the extreme point, in order to unveil the ultimate prowess of the soul humanity. What the reader or audience then admires are the things man does to achieve human goodness; we admire the hero. If men were gods, tragedy would become simple melodrama in the eyes of such an easy quest for truth. It is exactly the opposite in reality. A hero becomes a hero by the endless effort he puts forth the noble side of living ignorants. This is clear in all tragedies, as in King Lear by William Shakespeare and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. Achebes novel is set in the Igbo tribe, in what we would today call Nigeria. Okonkwo, a respected member of the tribe, is the epitome of a self-made man, well anchored in his values of manliness and tradition. We will write a custom essay sample on King Lear by William Shakespeare and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on King Lear by William Shakespeare and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on King Lear by William Shakespeare and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He made his own fortune through hard labor, is known to be a brave warrior, and cares about the strength of his world: capable of feeding his family, good status within the tribe. These characteristics are no less virtuous than his faults are great, namely the rage and intolerance for what he considers weak and woman-like. This outlines the series of peripeteia which lead to his downfall, throughout the second half of the book. One can admire Okonkwo for the very same reasons another can despise him (which is true for any great hero Napoleon). It is this dichotomy which makes him human, and which makes tragedy even possible. In his relationship with Ikemefuna, for whom he bears great love and respect, the virtues of Okonkwo are quite clear. He has pride in seeing the dynamic enterprise of his sons at farming and growing yams. He enjoys seeing Ikemefuna as a role-model to Nwoye. However, when the time comes to kill the adopted child, Okonkwos weakness the fear of being considered weak grows on him as he does the dirty job himself. This is a harsh blow to the reader, but it helps build up our knowledge of wild passions which make all men condemnable. It is also interesting to note the complicity he feels towards Ezinma, his daughter, to whom he also bears much love and respect, saying that she should have been a man. He admires her strong character, cares for her when shes sick, follows her through the night to assure himself of her safety. Okonkwos disregard for his fathers life and life-long struggle to be different from him all falls to pieces in the end (which is the major theme of the book). We can feel in Okonkwo a deep disregard for the sheer goodness of people, their bear humanity, arguing that the main thing is strength, to feed ones family, to be successful It would be too far fetched however to say that he is devoid of humanity himself. In the harmony of the tribe, Okonkwos values and accomplishments make him great and admirable. His intolerance only contributes to seeing in him what Unoka had, a human flaw, a fatal one for Okonkwo. Had he not killed Ikemefuna, shot at his wife, rejected Nwoye, the reader would have no concept of the Roaring Flames true soul which lies in the midst of chaos and ashes an admirable warrior. In King Lear, the audience tends to condemn Lear for his actions in the beginning. It is hard to forgive him for banishing Cordelia and Kent, who appear most noble and just, in contrast with the two evil flatterers Goneril and Regan. Shakespeare puts the emphasis right from the beginning on Lears misjudgment, to grasp the man in all his flaws. We nonetheless understand his reaction as he feels solemnly betrayed by his daughter. This first mistake is the trigger to all the horror which follows; his initial mistake (giving up his responsibilities and leaving full responsibility in the hands of his evil daughters) is what defines him as a human and will later build him into a hero. We admire Lear because he is noble and has the countenance of a kingauthority. He knows how to give orders and make things happen. However he is not heroic to the point where the audience idolizes him or turns him into a god-like stature. Like any man, he makes mistakes. Furthermore, we feel his growing human goodness towards others as his pains grow stronger. he is able to care for others he depends on. Art thou cold, Fool? (As a king he was widely praised and followed by sycophants and servants. He is also admirable in taking his fate into his hands when confronted with a dilemma (which differentiates him from Gloucesters weakness); he is responsible and charges into life consciously until the moment he goes mad. In the end, when Lear comes out with Cordelia in his arms, howling to the skies and to the world, we reach the climax of the admiration towards Lear. His pain appears so great that the audience identifies with the human feeling of despair. The crash, like a thunderbolt of lightning, hits us straight to the heart and Lears tears, which he tried to hold in the whole play, drip on everyones laps. In conclusion, the author of a tragedy must create a compelling character in goodness and sin. It must become a heroic struggle which imples both sides of the spectrum a persons most condemnable side and most beautiful side. A tragic hero could neither be Hitler or DArtagnan. They are filled with too much of one and the other. The hero must be someone the reader can identify with in reality, to accompany his struggle and find a better truth.